If you are greeting someone of higher social standard than yourself you would usually do a longer and lower bow this is considered very polite, you will probably encounter this when purchasing goods as a mark of respect to the customer.

The bow is usually done instead of the traditional handshake that is rarely performed by the Japanese although it is not uncommon to get a handshake if you are a westerner especially if you are in a business dealing with a Japanese person or you go to shake their hand. The Japanese are very polite and respect the western handshake custom but it's best to bow, even if you are bad at it if you are a foreigner they wont mind.

It is considered polite to bow back at the person offering the bow, and do be alarmed if you are confronted with a second or third bow. You will notice that the ladies usually put their hands together to bow while the men usually keep their arms to the side.

In many of the large department stores you will be confronted by one or maybe more shop assistants standing at the top of the escalators with their only job function to bow at people entering the floor or store, a simple bow is the proper reply. Some of these assistance must get a sore neck and back after working their all day bowing to the thousands of customers, but it?s all in a days work.

An apology bow is usually given much lower than a greeting bow, the person bowing bends at the waist and head usually goes lower than their waist line, at times you will think they will topple over, but they have had plenty of practice and after a few goes you will be able to bow properly and be seen as friendly and courteous.

 It?s a friendly and easy custom to adapt to, and you will get much respect from the person you are dealing with making it much easier to bridge the language and cultural gaps.